Maqasid
al-Shari'ah involves realizing human well-being by enhancing welfare, or
benefit (maslahah) of the people on one hand and preventing harm (mafsadah)
on the other.
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#Maqasid Daruriyyat تﺎﯾرورﺿ
✅ It
is indispensable maqasid for the survival
and wellbeing of mankind in this world and the success in the
hereafter.
❌ The
neglect of this maqasid would lead
to disruption and disorder in this world and could lead to an undesirable end in the hereafter.
#Maqasid Hajiyyat
تﺎﯾﺟﺎﺣ
✅ It
is to provide easement and comfort to human life.
❌ The
absence of this maqasid would not cause
disruption or corruption to human life as in the case of the absence of essential maqasid.
❌ But
it may cause hardship, difficulty, and discomfort to
human life
#Maqasid Tahsiniyyat تﺎﯾﻧﯾﺳﺣﺗ
✅ Its aim is to beautify or embellish the condition
of mankind and bring them to a better position.
✅ In other words, its aim is to bring the perfection of happiness to human beings in this world and hereafter
❌ The absence of this maqasid would not
cause disruption to human life, and cause hardship and difficulty but human
life would not be perfect, beautiful, and in a better position.
Maqasid Daruriyyat
This
maqasid is the protection and preservation of five fundamental values:
1.
Religion (Al-din)2. Life
(Al-nafs)3. Intellect
(Al-‘Aql)4. Wealth
(Al-Mal)5. Lineage
(Al-Nasb)
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1.
Protection of Religion
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It is
obligatory upon each and every Muslim to protect his al- din at personal and
public levels.
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Protection of
religion at a personal level: The
observance of different kinds of ‘ibadah, such as performing the five
prayers, fasting, paying of zakat, and performing Hajj.
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By executing or
performing this ritual our iman will increase and will therefore be a shield
of protection from committing a sin or becoming apostate and indulging in any
action that will invalidate one’s belief.
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At a wider
scope, the protection of al- din involves defending the Islamic faith
particularly if it is attacked by the enemy of Islam (Jihad). This can be
achieved through various appropriate means such as in writings, in speech and
other practical means of action (da’wah).
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2.
Protection of
Life
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Life is
essential and valuable to everyone; thus, it must be protected at all cost
and in all circumstances
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Protecting
everyone’s life is equally important and obligatory to each and every
individual and societies regardless of their status.
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3.
Protection of
Intellect
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Al- ‘aql or the intellect is a great gift from Allah s.w.t. to mankind. This is one of the capacities that differentiate man from animals.
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Allah s.w.t.
has ordered that everyone should protect this precious gift by utilizing it
for the benefit of all.
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Protection of
intellect/mind means that we safeguard it from anything that might harm the
ability and function of the brain.
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4.
Protection of
Property
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Islam
recognizes the function of properties or wealth at individual, family,
society or national levels.
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Therefore,
Islam does not prohibit Muslims from acquiring properties or wealth and
certainly does not deny and refuse to acknowledge human’s desire to have
properties of their own.
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Preservation:
A)
Protection of Personal
ownership
B)
Protection of
Public Wealth
C)
Acquisition of
wealth by legitimate means
D)
Encouraging investment
of wealth, developing the land
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Prevention:
A)
Prohibition of
damaging wealth: personal and public wealth
B)
Prohibition of
spending wealth in a wrongful way
C)
Prohibition of transgressing
the property of another person without valid reasons
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5.
Protection of
Lineage
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Marriage is the foundation of any society upon which families are built and children brought into the world. It is, therefore, the essential component in
building and maintaining lineage,
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In this regard,
Islam has enacted several rules to protect the lineage. Validation of marriage and prohibition of adultery and also same-sex marriage for the protection of lineage |
Maqasid Hajiyyat
Needs are less essential for human life compares to daruriyat. These are requirements for human beings to live without facing difficulties. However, the lack of any of these needs is not a matter of life and death, especially on an individual basis.
Example:-
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Shortening of Solat for the traveler.
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Legalizing some
types of transaction:
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Forward sale
(bay’ al-salam)
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Manufacturing
contract (‘aqd al-istisna’)
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Leasing
(ijarah) etc.
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Maqasid Hajiyyat
Luxuries are complementary and desirable factors that give perfection and additional values to human life. Islam encourages us to achieve these purposes and to have a better life. Nevertheless, Islam teaches us to pursue these goals in correct manners.
Example:-
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Observance of cleanliness
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Adab: eating,
dressing
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Prohibition of
consuming dirty items.
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Prohibition of
excessive spending, stinginess.
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Encouraging of
performing commendable ibadah. Charitable work.
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Encouraging of
giving-charitable donation: sadaqah, waqf, gift (hibah), bequest (wasiyyah).
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Commandment of
a good moral character and prohibition of bad moral character.
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